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    <title>FS VALDIVIA</title>
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    <description>Dr. Alshuth participated in the geophysical oceanographic expedition aboard the FS VALDIVIA, a 250 foot research vessel from the Institute of Geophysics and Marine Research in Hamburg, Germany.  Goals of the 98.th Valdivia expedition which was part of the international Irish-German research project RAPIDS - Rockall and Porcupine Irish Deep Seismic are refracto-seismic studies of 512 nautical miles of Irish Atlantic waters, basic oceanographic research, bathymetrical studies of the ocean bottom topography and gravimetry - studies of changes in geological gravitation. 22,5 tons of explosives were used for seismic explosions on this expedition to study the distribution of continental crust and oceanic crust in Irish Atlantic waters and to determine the western boundaries of the Irish continental shelf. Information that is useful to discuss further geological marine exploration and marine resource management of the Northern Atlantic.</description>
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      <title>FS VALDIVIA  in Cork, Ireland</title>
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      <title>FS VALDIVIA expedition chart Drawing by S. Alshuth</title>
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      <title>Fish Trawler on counter-course in rough Atlantic waters</title>
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      <title>Onboard: 16 scientists, 20 crew and 22,5 tons of explosives and 20 OBS</title>
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      <title>OBS - Ocean Bottom Seismograph</title>
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      <title>OBS - ready to be deployed</title>
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      <title>Recovered OBS </title>
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      <title>FS VALDIVIA expedition chart Drawing by S. Alshuth</title>
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      <title>Recovered OBS </title>
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      <title>Dr. Alshuth inserts the detonator   into the ammongelit explosive</title>
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      <title>Shooting assistant Dr. Alshuth performing the detonation</title>
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      <title>Cruising the seismic profile </title>
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      <title>Seismographic recording graph</title>
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      <title>Performing seismic explosions in heavy seas</title>
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      <title>Evaluation of the seismic explosions</title>
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